Does The Mass Media Cause Undesireable Social Consequences With Specif

Does the mass media cause undesireable social consequences with specific reference to pornography It started by way of messengers and scribes, evolved through the presentation of newspapers and radio, brought us together with television, and now serves us world-wide via the ever-popular Internet. It is the mass media, and even from the earliest days of its existence, it has contributed greatly in ways that both enlighten and enrich society, and ways that deteriorate and perplex it. It is not a surprise to learn, then, that the mass media is the most powerful source of information we have, and nothing else in today's world influences public perception quite as heavily.

A Conclusion On Overall The Project Essays

A Conclusion On Overall The Project Essays A Conclusion On Overall The Project Paper A Conclusion On Overall The Project Paper Conclusion On overall, the project has achieved its objectives. The project has provided a client/server application for food ordering system and was successfully built using Visual Basic 6. 0 software. It provides a more convenient and accurate method for staff in the restaurant since orders are transferred to server in the kitchen immediately and displayed to the chefs for further process. In view of time saving, less time consuming by waiting and transferring order by staff in restaurant. In other words, this can minimize the waiting time spent at the restaurant. Apart from using internet application, It can be extended using Bluetooth technology. Thus make the application more simplistic and robust. B. Recommendations There are some improvement can be performed to the system in the future: I. The client can be designed In a Pocket PC or PDA using suitable software. I. Develop a proper database that can link directly to both client and server Interface. Ill. Include a proper Graphical User Interface that Is easy to use by both users for client and server. Lb. Add more function button to provide variety function of system v. Add more feature window such as table display, food display, online booking and others to attract customers. A Conclusion On Overall The Project By Contemplating Apart from using internet application, it can be extended I. The client can be designed in a Pocket PC or PDA it. Develop a proper database that can link directly to both client and server interface. Iii. Include a proper Graphical User Interface that is easy to use by both users for v. Add more function button to provide variety

Athenian Greek Women's Role in Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Athenian Greek Women's Role in Religion - Essay Example Women’s roles are well defined, being depicted as slaves to the community. Another role is that of a wife for the continuity of the society. This paper focuses on how different institutions in Athenian society have led to oppression of women. Athenian women were socialized into having a conservative approach towards life. Women who were noted to be vocal were termed as prostitutes. The society viewed a woman’s place to be home, roles like childcare and spinning defined a valuable woman in the society. Women from poor households went through a tasking experience compared to those from rich households. Due to poor economic background, this woman was forced to seek for a job through which she would raise funds to assist her household. Acquisition of clothes for her family was done through personal efforts. She was to engage in sewing and collecting water from the rich. These duties arose due to the fact that, there are no funds to be used in hiring slaves (Classen 2007) On the other hand, women from rich household enjoyed some privileges compared to those from poor households. Their lives though with full of oppression from men, she was relieved of some duties. Slaves were hired to work on farms therefore; they did no t have to participate in tasking jobs like weeding and planting. There major role was to coordinate the slaves in households and offering training to different households. Women both from rich and poor households were not allowed to freely interact with men. In case of any visitations men were the only people allowed to welcome visitors after which women were to live in the guest room in case the visitor was a male (Tetlow 1980). This was to create a drift between men and women. The Athenian society highly stratified women; there were those from wives class, concubines and the hetaerae class. Those from wives class were not to participate in social ceremonies apart from those that were religious. Concubines were gained from poor children who had been considered as outcast due to their parent’s immoral nature. The third class is comprised of educated women. This group of elites was majorly to provide company to men in ceremonies only after being paid handsomely. Concubines and learned women have been drawn as providers of companionship to men (Graham 2003). Religion Religious functions were the only functions that Athenian women could participate freely. A priestess was appointed who received much respect from the society; this can be attributed to good morals. There were religious festivals carried out and women acted as the main participants. Virginity was vital for these ceremonies to be successful; girls were chosen from the ruling class to participate in procession. The main reason of choosing virgins according to Athenian society was a sign of purity and good luck (Lipshitz 2001). The Greek religion was made up of different beliefs at the same time rituals that governed the society. They believed in existence of many gods and goddesses who had different roles in fulfilling societal needs. Gods did not have equal powers. There were those that were powerful than others. The society believed in fate especially on matters concerning wars. Dead people w ere to be respected due to the fear that they might haunt the public. Spirits of the dead according to the Greek society did not die with them therefore in case they were provoked the society would face environmental catastrophes. Athenian women had little influence in the operations of the society. They were denied legal rights. Ownership of property was mainly for the men who later leased it to their wives or sisters. Women were

Gifts for Her in the Local Target shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gifts for Her in the Local Target shop - Essay Example Customers of the shop have an opportunity to choose any gift from the wide range of presented goods. They are arranged at shelves by category so if customer knows category he or she needs, he or she may select more gifts from this category. Also there is a website www.target.com where customer can find suitable for him or her gift in electronic catalogue. There is a Gift Finder tool at the website that helps customer to find appropriate gift by price or by category. It is possible to get to know if any definite gift available in specific local Target store. There is a Wal-Mart supermarket not far away the local Target shop where a lot of gifts is sold. Also there are a lot of small souvenir shops in this quarter and in neighbor quarter where customer also can buy gifts. The supermarket is direct competitor of the local Target shop, while small souvenir shops are indirect competitors. However, a distinguishing feature of the local Target shop is special section of gifts especially for girls and women. Wal-Mart does not have specific section of Gifts for Her, it has only Gifts and Flowers section. So Target's competitive advantage is that customer will be sure that gift he or she select is suitable for girl or women. The target audience is habitants, tourists and personnel of numerous offices from this quarter, and from neighbor quarters. Also staff and students from the university are customers of the Target shop. Target market segments Target market of the local Target shop is people from 16 to 80. The research had shown that 60% of the customers are people mostly from 16 to 35, while 25% of the customers are people mostly from 36 to 50 and 15% of the customers are people mostly from 51 to 80. Students, post-graduates, tourists and staff of nearby offices are included in the first category of the customers. Customers of the second category are tutors, habitants of the quarter, tourists and personnel of nearby companies. Pensioners and tourists are mostly included in the third category. All these customers are people, who have female friends or relatives. The first category of the customers (students, post-graduates and staff of nearby offices) are most likely to buy strong gifts from Fashion+Beauty category. Tourists and businessmen prefer gifts from Electronics category. There are also returning customers who buy gifts from Hobbies category; they are mostly pensioners and staff of the university. Advertisement Currently the local Target shop is advertising in order to reach customers or to be seen by customers through: Mass media: advertisement on the local radio station Display: location, building, signing, window/counter/shelf display, environment, decoration, printed materials One-on-one: in person, by letter, and telephone

Examine the changing priorities of the United States in the Middle Essay

Examine the changing priorities of the United States in the Middle East - Essay Example Under hidden are the crude facts that are associated with the sole interests and benefits of United States of America. The region of Middle East holds its significance toward Americans because of its important different myths that are discussed below; The Population of Middle East is synonymous to that of Arab world, but to a limited extent as not all the countries are Arab, there are non Arabs as well in the Middle East. There are about 80% of the population that is Muslim, thus the Middle East basically comprise of the Muslim world countries. The Arab nations of Middle East are mostly rich in mineral oil. The countries like Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Iran and Libya all are major oil producing countries. The role for war of terrorism by the Middle East; This has been in fact the greatest struggle that has been faced the members of these Middle East countries. It is not actually the war that has been imposed for these countries but in fact it is actually a problem of w rong perception-it is in fact the war against Islam rather than terrorism. There are many ways to misinterpret, mis-characterize or flatly misrepresent the various issues across the boundaries of the Middle East. The importance of Middle East towards America is not anything new to relate with the foreign policy of America. ... The various nations’s related concerns of United States along with their levels of impacts have been discussed over here which will ultimately help us to conclude some information about the changing priorities of United States towards Middle East along with their national and international reasons. US and Egypt: The current crises that have flown through the Egyptian states have been of vast importance to the United States due to its wide levels of oil related concerns with the country. The disruption of the supplies of oil due to the raised protests ultimately resulted in the raising of the prices of the oil in the world market. This also resulted in the increased threats to the US citizen survival in Egypt as well as the journalists of US. This has really created a dilemma for the US nation to be highly volatile about changing its policies and concerns. Military advantages: The termination of the Husni Mubarak Era has also turned over the benefits of US from the long standin g middle-East Ally. The US had been reaping over these benefits from the last two decades, and it military forces were being fed for the annual income of $1 billion for the access to Seuz Canal. Now the situation has changed and among the various dimensions that are being predicted one is that now the Americans would have to pull their hands from the great amount that was already coming their way against Military friendship or support. It is seemingly that the Muslim Brotherhood group is going to occupy an important position in the country soon and therefore America is wondering to know that after this whether the Africans Ally will cut those hands which have fed their army for so many years. It is also unpredictable to guess any idea about the impacts for Israel as

Neuropsychological and Neurobiological Ageing

Neuropsychological and Neurobiological Ageing By the year 2075, more than 50% of the European population will be aged 60 or more, and there will be a three-fold increase in individuals aged 80 or more, relative to the present day. It is important that our society prepares for this demographic change and endeavours to enable older adults to optimise their quality of life and autonomy for as long as possible. To the extent that age-related cognitive decline is one of the biggest threats to independent living and well-being for this cohort, the field of cognitive neuroscience is arguably the discipline with the most potential to help in this regard. Non-pathological ageing is accompanied by several cognitive and brain changes that are a product of the natural ageing process, one’s environment, and one’s ability to compensate for them. These changes become evident in multiple cognitive dimensions. On the one hand, older adults have improved regulation of emotion, better vocabulary, better culture-related knowledge, and have better life satisfaction, compared to younger adults. On the other, they have reduced acuity of the senses, they require more time to both process, and respond to, sensory information, and invariably, they undergo declines in a number of other important physical and cognitive capacities. As the deterioration of older adults’ cognitive capacities begins to occur, the ability to monitor and evaluate the success of their cognitive processes is of paramount importance for detecting errors, and calibrating their daily activities to suit their strengths and weaknesses. Yet, the extent to which these metacognitive monitoring processes are affected by the natural ageing process has rarely been considered in the literature. A wealth of evidence from research on clinical populations indicates that metacognitive capacities are highly susceptible to disruption in several diverse neurological conditions, particularly those with damage to right frontal regions. Considering there is m uch evidence to suggest that the frontal lobe is one of the brain regions that undergoes the most extensive age-related changes (Dempster, 1992; Mosocovitch Wincour, 1992; Raz, Gunning, Head et al., 1997; West, 1996), the question follows whether metacognitive capacities are also vulnerable to disruption due to the natural ageing process. The present chapter is organised in six main sections. In the proceeding section, an overview of different perspectives on ageing at the neuropsychological and neurobiological level is provided. The third section introduces the topic of metacognition and draws on the clinical literature surrounding anosognosia to highlight the importance of metacognitive abilities, how they are measured, and what is known about their neuropsychological and neuroanatomical bases. The fourth and fifth sections provide more focussed reviews of the cognitive neuroscience literature on performance monitoring and conscious error awareness, respectively, which in the context of this thesis, are hypothesised to be critical to the accuracy of many metacognitive abilities. The sixth and final section provides an overall summary and an outline of the objectives of this thesis. Age-Related Cognitive and Cerebral Decline A robust, and positive, finding to emerge from cognitive ageing research is that age-related losses are not necessarily seen across all cognitive functions. Patterns of relative preservation versus decline are usually particularly apparent for what are known as crystallized versus fluid intelligence domains (Horn Cattell, 1967). These two clusters of intellectual abilities have also been discussed in terms of the pragmatics and mechanics of cognition (Baltes, Lindenberger, Staudinger, 1998). The former constitutes a culture-related knowledge base that is accumulated through experience, whereas the latter constitutes content-free information processing that relies on fundamental biological processes, and therefore mainly on the integrity of the central nervous system. Both cross-sectional (Lindenberger Baltes, 1995) and longitudinal studies (Schaie 1996; 2005) have indicated that processes in the fluid intelligence domain begin to decline from middle adulthood on, whereas capacitie s in the crystallized domain improve from childhood right through to adulthood and then either remain stable or continue to improve until very late in life. As such many authors have described cognitive ageing as a multi-dimensional and multi-directional process.   Perspectives on cognitive ageing at the behavioural level Many theories have been proposed to explain age-related declines and individual differences in cognitive functioning. Given that it is not within the objectives of this thesis to test any particular theory of cognitive ageing, this section provides a brief overview, as opposed to a comprehensive review, of the main perspectives on cognitive ageing at the behavioural level. This section is then followed by an overview of literature on cognitive ageing at the neurobiological level. The cognitive control hypothesis Common to many of the processes that witness age-related declines is a reliance on cognitive control. Cognitive control is critical to a range of higher order processes that allow for the regulation of sensory information and behaviour in accordance with one’s goals. These processes include monitoring, sequencing, initiation of action, inhibiting pre-potent responses, formulating goals, focusing attention and generating response alternatives (Fuster, 2000; Miller, 2000; Miller Cohen, 2000). These higher order control processes are also frequently referred to as executive functions (Baddeley, 1986; Norman Shallice, 1986; Shallice, 1998), and are predominantly mediated by the frontal lobes. Age-related differences are consistently observed on tasks that place high demands on cognitive control, including working memory (Borella, Ghisletta, de Ribaupierre, 2011; Hasher Zacks, 1988; Salthouse, 1994), attention (McAvinue; McDowd, 1986; Milham, Erickson, Banich et al., 2002; Hawk ins, Kramer, Capaldi, 1992; West, 2004), multi-tasking (Clapp, Rubens, Sabharwal Gazzaley, 2011; Jimura Braver, 2010), as well as episodic and source memory (Craik, Morris, Morris, Loewen, 1990). In contrast, older adults’ performance on measures of non-declarative or implicit memory, which are believed to rely on more automatic and less control demanding processes, has been found to be largely age invariant (Bergerbest, Gabrieli, Whitfield-Gabrieli et al., 2009; Fleischman Gabrieli, 1998; Light Singh, 1987; La Voie Light, 1994). Such observations have prompted many authors to propose that age-related cognitive decline may arise from impaired or inefficient deployment of cognitive control processes due to age-related degeneration of frontal lobe structures (Braver Barch, 2002; Crawford, Bryan, Luscez, Obonsawin, Stewart, 2000; Glisky, 2007; Greenwood, 2000; West, 2000; Rodriguez-Aranda Sundet, 2006). This general idea has been variously termed the â€Å"cognitive c ontrol hypothesis† (West, 1996; 2000; Gallo, Bell, Beier, Schacter, 2006; Koutstaal, 2006) â€Å"frontal lobe hypothesis† (West, 2000), â€Å"frontal ageing hypothesis† (Greenwood, 2000), â€Å"executive decline hypothesis† (Crawford et al., 2000), and â€Å"frontal hypothesis† (Rodrà ­guez-Aranda Sundet, 2006). In support of this idea  executive functions have been found to mediate the relationship between age and general cognitive capacities (Salthouse, Atkinson, Berish, 2003) and have explained age-related differences in learning and memory (Brooks, Kempe, Sionova, 2006; Crawford et al., 2000). Furthermore, when young and older adults’ performance on putative tests of frontal, temporal, and parietal functions were compared, the strongest correlation to emerge was between age and frontal measures, with advancing age being predictive of decreasing performance on frontal lobe measures (Mittenberg, Seidenberg, O’Leary, Digioulo, 1989). The processing-speed hypothesis Salthouse (1996) has argued that age-related deficits in controlled processing are secondary to a generalised reduction in the processing speed of underlying cognitive operations. Behavioural slowing has long been considered a primary concomitant of the ageing process. Christensen Kumar (2003) have suggested that processing speed peaks in the early 20s and then declines by approximately 20% by the age of 40, and by up to 40-60% by the age of 80. Age-related declines in processing speed have been attributed to a general slowing of information processing (Birren Fisher, 1995) or increased neural noise (Welford, 1965) within the central nervous system with advancing age. In support of the processing-speed theory it has been observed that age differences on several capacities in the fluid domain, such as abstract reasoning, working memory, and problem solving were attenuated after statistically controlling for processing speed (Bors Farrin, 1995; Salthouse, 1996; Salthouse Babcock, 1 991; Zimprich Martin, 2002). Speed of processing was also found to be the main predictor of age-related changes in memory and spatial ability (Finkel McGue, 1993). The inhibitory deficit hypothesis Hasher and Zacks (1988) advanced that a selective deficit in inhibitory control processes may constitute a global cognitive ageing phenomenon. More specifically, this theory assumes that in order for goals to be fulfilled effectively, automated responses to non-goal relevant information need to be suppressed. However, age-related reductions in inhibitory control enable non-goal relevant information to vie for attentional resources, which results in greater distractibility, slowed and error-prone behaviour, and greater forgetting rates (Lustig, Hasher Zacks, 2007; Hasher Zacks, 1998). Age-related declines in inhibitory control and increased susceptibility to distractors have been found to explain a considerable proportion of age-related variance in working memory capacity (Hasher, Zacks, May, 1999). In a more recent study, both processing speed and inhibition were identified as independent mediators of age differences in working memory capacity (Borella, Ghisletta, de Ribaupierre, 2011). Dedifferentiation and cognitive permeation Many studies have reported that the statistical correspondence between sensory and sensorimotor abilities such as vision, hearing, balance, and gait, and intellectual abilities in both fluid and the crystallized domain is significantly greater in older adults than in young adults (e.g. Baltes Mayer, 1999). Moreover, it has been found that for older adults sensory functioning is a stronger predictor of capacities in the fluid domain than a comprehensive set of sociobiographic factors (Baltes Lindenberger, 1997). This apparent loss of domain specificity with increasing age has been termed â€Å"dedifferentiation.† A number of authors have proposed that this apparent dedifferentiation of functions may be attributable to sensory and sensorimotor functions placing greater demands on attentional control resources. This has become known as the cognitive permeation hypothesis (e.g. Lindenberger, Marsiske, Baltes, 2000; Schà ¤fer, Huxhold, Lindenberger, 2006). According to this hypothesis, resource overlap and competition amongst domains increases with advancing age, and compensation in the form of resource allocation trade-offs become more frequent (Li Lindernberger, 2002; Schà ¤fer et al., 2006). In accord with this, Li et al. (Li, Lindenberger, Freund Baltes, 2001) have shown that balance during walking was preserved at the expense of performance of a simultaneously executed cognitive task. Such findings suggest that age-related declines in cognitive domains could be attributable to increased allocation of attentional resources to processes that were previously automated. Cognitive Reserve Another important conceptual framework labelled ‘cognitive reserve,’ concerns how older adults may be able to draw on a pool of accumulated resources to maintain cognitive function. The notion of cognitive reserve emerged from recurrent observations that levels of cognitive impairment did not always manifest to the extent that would be expected from a given brain pathology (Stern, 2002). For instance, Katzman et al. (Katzman, Terry, DeTeresa et al., 1998) have reported that older adults can be cognitively intact up until they die, but exhibit advanced AD-related cerebral pathology at post-mortem. Such discrepancies have also been observed in a range of other conditions including stroke (Ojala-Oksala, Jokinen, Kopsi et al., 2012) and traumatic brain injury (TBI; Kesler, Adams, Blasey, Bigler, 2003). This apparent elevation of threshold for cognitive impairment appears to be promoted by factors such as high levels of education, occupational complexity, and participation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities (Mortimer, 1997). It has been proposed that cognitive reserve may mediate individual differences in non-pathological cognitive ageing by fostering more efficient utilisation of brain networks or an enhanced ability to recruit alternate networks (Stern, 2002). Summary The natural ageing process is associated with myriad cognitive changes. Some of the most pronounced and consistently reported are on tasks that challenge cognitive control processes and working memory, or that require long term working memory (Hedden Gabrieli, 2004; Piguet Corkin, 2007). Several hypotheses about cognitive ageing at the behavioural level have been advanced, and each hypothesis described above continues to feature prominently in recent literature. However, it is difficult to arbitrate between these theories in the absence of neural evidence. The next sub-section will outline how the increasing availability of neuroimaging technologies has provided important new insights into the relationship between age-related changes in brain structure and function, and concomitant changes in cognitive abilities. Perspectives on cognitive ageing at the neurobiological level In the same way that ageing does not have an equal impact on all cognitive domains, ageing does not result in a general deterioration of the brain. Rather, the ageing brain is characterised by a ‘patchwork pattern of differential declines and relative preservation,’ not only at the structural level, but also at the functional level (Raz, 2000). Structural changes Grey matter integrity Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based studies consistently show a global age-related reduction in grey matter volumes, but considerable regional differences exist in terms of the magnitude and relative rate of change. In a longitudinal study, which spanned five years, Raz et al. (Raz, Lindenberger, Rodrigue et al., 2005) found a significant negative association between age and volume in the lateral prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the cerebellum, the caudate and the hippocampus. These associations were found to be stronger  after five years for the prefrontal regions, the cerebellum, the caudate and the hippocampus, indicating age-related accelerations in the shrinkage of these regions. Conversely, volumes in areas such as the primary visual cortex, the fusiform cortex and the inferior parietal lobes were not significantly associated with age, and there was no change in these associations over the course of five years. Several other studies using a variety of methods h ave reported similar findings, and in particular, an ever-growing literature documents the most dramatic age-related grey matter

The Day :: essays research papers

On a frigid winter afternoon, James Peterson awoke, from his nap, to the sound of what he thought was a gunshot in the near area. He jumped out of bed and scurried to the window to see what happened. To his relief, he only saw two children playing with firecrackers. James decided to put off his Algebra homework and cuddled up on the couch and read one of his favorite books. James loved to read and often read several books a week. This particular book was about a cunning young man named Albert who always seemed to find himself in the most peculiar situations. James was so caught up in one of Albert’s adventures that he lost track of time and forgot he had to pick up his mother from the airport. The sudden shriek of the telephone made James fumble the book in his very hands. James answered the phone. â€Å"H-hello?† â€Å"James Hubert Peterson! Have you any idea what time it is?† His mother sounded as if she were about to explode. â€Å"Oh gosh, I’m really sorry mother, I was reading such an engaging part of my book that I guess I lost track of time!† â€Å"Well, you just get yourself down here right now mister!† â€Å"Yes, mother,† James promised. James proceeded to hop in the car, and drove down to the airport. When he arrived, his mother waved him over to the side of the road. She opened the door and got in with a hurry. â€Å"Well, what are you waiting for, James? Get out there and put the luggage in the trunk, it’s not going to put itself in you know.† James looked up in disdain. â€Å"Yes mother.† The entire car ride home, James tried to ignore the constant yapping of his mother. Every so often, he would think about his books and how he missed them, even though he had only been away for a short period of time. When they arrived home, James unloaded the bags from the car and took them to his mother’s room. He then crept as quietly as he could to his room, where he could escape to fantasy worlds with his books that he loved so much. Before he could take the final step into his room he heard his mother calling his name. â€Å"James come here!† James adjusted his glasses. â€Å"What is it mother?† He walked across the room and sat on the rocking chair, opposite his mother.

Economy on Food Essay

Many Americans consume food at an alarming rate without even stopping to think of what they really might be eating or how it ended up on their plate. If we just took the time to see how our food systems worked, we would notice the domino affect trickling down from government to average day Americans. In order for us to be able to grow and produce food, farmers are paid by our government in the form of subsidies. These crops often times do not grow naturally from the ground. Chemicals are pumped into the Earth causing problems for our environment. That food is than sent on journeys all over the world, including stops at feed lots. Animals are fed the crop which has more cons than pros to their digestive system and their bodies causing meat to have a higher concentration of fat. Of course these products are then distributed to our grocery stores and we buy them without the slightest bit of hesitation. Each one of these steps has an affect on the other and it might all be controlled by one problem – government subsidies. Without this control farmers might have the initiative to grow with their minds set on quality over quantity which in turn will have healthier affects on each level of our food economy. Farmers are large contributors toward the food for our society. The government pays farmers by controlling the supply and demand through subsidies keeping the farmers their jobs. However, the subsidies are based on how many bushels a farmer can grow, which leads to an overproduction. An example of a highly subsidized crop is corn. Alone, this crop causes environmental, animal farming, and society health issues. According to Michael Pollan, an author, activist, and Professor of journalism at the University of California, Berkeley, for farmers to grow an abundant amount of corn it requires more chemicals and pesticides to maintain growing conditions. These chemicals eventually find its way into the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, killing marine life (45). When this crop is sold, farmers with livestock buy it as animal feed, for it is cheap. â€Å"Most of the animals we eat (chickens, pigs, and cows) today subsist on a diet of corn, reguardless regardless of whether it is good for them† (Pollan, 44). Cattle are not use to an all corn diet which causes farmers to feed them antibiotics to fight off any illness and or infections. Once these animals pass inspections they are sent off to a slaughter house to become the meat we eat, which is filled with antibiotics and corn. Corn comes in a sugar additive form be more accurate -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:25 PM called high fructose corn syrup. It is commonly found in soft drinks because it is so sweet and cheap. Due to the subsidy, it took the place of sugar. There is â€Å"†¦ no coincidence that the wholesale switch to corn sweeteners in 1980’s marks the beginning of the epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in this country† (Pollan, 44). Since the subsidy caused overproduction and extremely low prices, America has let itself go in becoming one of the fattest and laziest nations by turning to fast food restaurants instead of home cooked meals. The government pays farmers to grow these commodities (i. e. corn, soy, wheat, rice, and cotton) for their overproduction and â€Å"†¦ the farm bill what farm bill? offer context for quote -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:26 PM does almost nothing to support farmers growing fresh produce†¦ The reason the least healthful calories in the supermarket are the cheapest is that those are the ones the farm bill encourages farmers to grow† (Pollan, You Are What You Grow). While fruit and vegetable prices increased 40 percent from 1985-2000, the price of soft drinks, containing corn, declined 23 percent (Pollan, You Are What You Grow). Through government subsidies and the farm bill, it has caused several problems concerning the environment, and animal and society health. Government subsidies need to be looked at and changed considerably. Farmers need to stop overproduction and instead of being paid by bushels, be paid to limit production and support prices (Pollan, You Are What You Grow). By supporting prices and limiting production, crops may not be so high in demand, further resulting in animals eating what they are accustomed to and Americans eating healthier with fewer unknown additives put into their food. Here you have moved to possible solutions — save it for that section. -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:28 PM The overproduction of corn in America has raised many questions regarding the process and production of corn and how it is affecting us Americans today. Need a different transition here, one that spins off from last paragraph -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:29 PM Many documentaries about corn, the production, process, and distribution have been experimented with and caught on tape, while more problems have risen about conditions of corn and farming. Such Aforementioned problems have revealed that though corn is cheap and easy, it increases health risks for our bodies and to animals as well. Michael Pollan author of â€Å"When A Crop Becomes King,† writer for the New York Times states that â€Å"nowhere have humans done quite as much to advance the interests of this plant as in North America , where zea mays has insinuated itself into our landscape, our food system-and our federal budget. † Pollan is revealing that people may question the food production and if producers are looking out for our best interest or not. We still buy the same products and dont ask the important questions, though, we just accept that it is a way of life. We complain that food is unhealthy and there are rarely any alternatives that are just as quick and tasty as fast food, instead, we need to choose our own alternatives rather then blame the fast food industry. Corn has been processed and has become an American product for the past few decades, â€Å"we’re sacrificing the health of both our bodies and the environment by growing and eating so much of it[†¦ ]that’s cause for our concern† states Polan in another quote from The New York Times. Though we have the production of corn processed in foods and fed to animals to make there meat more fatty, the best strategy that has kept the zea mays in business is the development of high fructose corn syrup. Look on the backs of soda cans, candy bars, even apples and you will notice that there is high fructose corn syrup in our americanized products. Corns being processed into all of our foods, drinks, and animals is only part of the problem, Polan states that â€Å"Modern corn hybrids are the greediest of plants, demanding more nitrogen fertilizer than any other crop also requiring more pesticide then any other crop. † Corn isn’t as cheap as we suspect it to be, the diet for corn consists of a plethera of water and is sprayed with chemicals each time it’s grown. Due to the chemicals that are sprayed, â€Å"these chemicals find its way to the Mississippi River which carries it to the Gulf of Mexico, which has already killed marine life in a 12,000 square mile area. † Polan again reveals that if we take a step back, we will realize that our environment is suffering just as much as we are, we are temporary on this earth we need to remember that the environment is not to be tempered with, but natural. The process of cornification and new developments if cheap and easy products, has cause a domino affect in our health system. Although our environment is suffering due to over use of chemicals, we do not end there. nice T -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:33 PM According to the U. S Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service, each year in the United States, 10 billion land animals are raised and killed for meat, eggs, and milk. To an average American with no prior knowledge of our food economy this might seem like a minuscule fact, however; it is the way in which these animals are farmed which has dire consequences on our societies health. Farm animal welfare expert Dr. Donald Broom states; â€Å"Efforts to achieve earlier and faster growth, greater production per individual, and efficient feed conversions and partitioning are the causes of some of the worst animal welfare problems. † The farming of livestock has changed dramatically over the past centuries. Many still think of farming as the rural collections of barns and field where animals are free to graze and move about until they are executed effectively, â€Å"in reality, some farms are massive industrial-type facilities owned and operated by large corporations†¦ [and] although they make up a small percentage of American farms, they handle a large percentage of the animals killed for food in the United States† (Breakdown of Livestock Farms, North American Industry Classification System in Census of Agriculture). These factory farms are also known as CAFO’s or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. Because of the over production of corn, these animals diets consist of nothing but it. Since corn is a high-starch, high-energy food, it decreases the time it takes to fatten the cattle and increases the yield from these farms. According to the documentary, King Corn, cattle are fed for anywhere between 140-160 days and than slaughtered, however; corn is not the natural diet of cattle and since it is not, many problems have stemmed from this abnormal diet. They are becoming fatter at an alarming rate which is good for the company’s wallets but not for our waist lines considering â€Å"65% of calories from burgers are energy calories from fat† causing a direct line between obese cows, and obese Americans (King Corn). The problem lies within the cattle’s digestive system. The heavy corn diet acidifies the cow’s digestive tract and causes bacteria to form. Under normal circumstances a bacteria known as â€Å"E. coli 0157: H7 would be killed by stomach acids but the increased amounts of acid allows for the more acid resistant bacteria to thrive and reproduce† (Richard J.Arsenault, Corn Fed Cattle: Bigger Cows, Bigger E. coli Threat. )nice addition of detail, but paraphrase — wording not worthy of quote status 🙂 -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:37 PM Cattle are being forced to consume products which end up killing them slowly, and if it were not for the time of slaughter they would eventually die. Either way in which they die is not usually pleasant. awk -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:38 PM Cows may be raised in one state, fattened in another, and then slaughtered in yet another. During the transportation of these animals they are packed into trucks where they suffer from trampling, temperature extremes, and lack of food, water or veterinary care. When they reach the slaughterhouse, cattle may be hoisted upside-down by their hind legs and dismembered all while being conscious since the techniques for slaughter are surrounded around yield and not efficiency. The kill rate in a typical slaughterhouse is 400 animals per hour, and â€Å"the line is never stopped simply because an animal is alive,† according to a former slaughterhouse worker and author of â€Å"They Die Piece by Piece†, Joby Warrick. Are you drifitng away from topic? -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:39 PM There are no animal welfare laws regulating the treatment of billions of animals raised for their mean meat, eggs, and milk while they are on the farm. While all of the 50 states have cruelty laws, many exempt common farming practices. As a result of this, farm animals suffer immensely due to the fact that animal welfare is overlooked since the economic interests of the producer often conflict with the animals well-being. But the animals well-being is not the only consequence; factory farming effect the environment as well as society itself. The effects fast food has on Americans is a wide variety of different things, and society is one of them. Wendell Berry from The Pleasures of Eating says people â€Å"buy what they want–or what they have been persuaded to want–within the limits of what they can get. † (Berry 1) Berry feels that the advertisers of fast food companies make people feel that they need things that are not necessarily good for them because it is provided to them cheaply and with easy access. Society has been blind sided when it comes to where there food is from, the most an average urban shopper could tell you is that their food came from a farm. They are unaware of any further information such as; what farm it came from, where the farm is located, and how far the food had to travel to get to them. (Berry 1) Most Americans view food as something that does not concern them until it is put in front of them. They don’t spend any extra time thinking about the health aspects of their food until it comes time to purchase it or make it. Even then, Americans lives are so fast paced they don’t have tome time to worry about what is in their food. It is very obvious through commercials and other forms of advertisement that the industry does not care about the health of society. They advertise to young children and teens who do not know any better, this section seems to be about causes rather than effects -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 4:01 PM as well as hire immigrants that will work for low pay. It is very clear they are not aware of what they are providing their customers with. The industry has been able to create a vicious circle by advertising to children. These children grow up and feed it to their children, thus continuing the never ending cycle. As long as fast food restaurants are able to provide food at a cheap price, quickly the health of society will be a problem. There is no way we could possibly shut down all of the fast food restaurants but there are different things we could do just to make people more aware of what they are eating. When dining at a fast food restaurant it is hard to come across health information on the food they are providing you with, pamphlets providing this information should be offered to every customer much like how they offer you to super size your meal. Another idea would be to provide the dietary facts on the outside packaging of the product how they do at grocery stores on every item sold. And this section seems to be about solutions -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 4:02 PM Societies health problems may be growing but our knowledge is also growing and we should get smart and look further into what we put into our bodies. What we put into our bodies has a lot to do with the increased health problems in society today, in years prior to 1994 diabetes in children was typically a genetic disorder that they had inherited and Type 2 diabetes only accounted for 5% of childhood cases now it accounts for at least 30%. (David Zinczenko Pg 1). This is actually on topic — the negative effects on health -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 4:03 PM So who do we blame for the fact that our health is going downhill? People should know how to eat properly and know better than to eat several meals a week from a fast food restaurants, I don’t think its the fact that people don’t understand what it could do to there body, its the lack of alternatives and the FDA does not require prepared foods to be labeled with health information. We have covered every street in America with fast food restaurants and made it almost impossible to come by a health food store. Why would Americans spend time looking for healthier alternatives when we have strategically placed several other unhealthy alternatives right in front of them. Fast food is not just affecting the health of people but also of our environment packaging from fast food restaurants can take up anywhere from 20-30% of our landfill space belongs in a different section -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 4:05 PM and add pollutants to our air. Fast food has a huge affect on society that witha few east steps in the right direction we could create a healthier America. A major downfall for the US is how we are able to provide food at such a cheap cost. It is awesome for the customers but for the people providing it (farmers) it is more of a cost to them. Michael Pollan, author of When a Crop Becomes King from the New York Times explains exactly how farmers are paying more money for corn in the long run, because â€Å"the average bushel of corn (56 pounds) sells for about $2 today; it costs farmers more than $3 to grow it. â€Å"(Pollan 1). If farmers are spending more money on corn than customers are paying for it how are they making any money themselves? Congress has decided to subsidize corn by the bushel, America is covered in 125,000- square miles of corn fields. Subsidies are grants given to an enterprise provided by the government that benefit the public. Does cheap food ever mean healthy food? Typically no. Advertisers will promote anything to get you to eat it! They target young children with anything from commercials to action figures. New York Times David Barboza author of the article If You Pitch it, They Will Eat says, â€Å"Big food makers like McDonald’s and Kraft Foods Inc. are finding every imaginable way to put their names in front of your children. † (Barboza 1) Companies view their sale pitches as harmless but they are a huge reason of America’s rise in obesity. Cheap food from fast food restaurants like Pizza Hut, McDonald’s, Taco Bell and KFC are targeting teenagers and cheap is all that the average teenager can afford. That’s what they eat, cheap food that will clog their arteries and if it is eaten constantly could lead to some major health problems. If fast food was pricier maybe it would encourage teenagers to make there way to the grocery store and spend their money on foods that are better and more nutritious for them. The problems that have arosearisen -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 3:56 PM due to the new developments with corn and subsidies have drawn Americans and health developers to question the health risks. Corn has been a new popular development for the past few decades with the booming fast food industry and even to grocery stores across America. Cheap food and cheap prices not only make it easy for parents, but are quite a tasty treat to people anywhere. The solution to end the change and chemicalization of our environment will be too change the â€Å"agricultural act† as Wendall Berry, author of The Pleasures of Eating stated. The video, King Corn, has shown that corn has been genetically changed and is grown closer together which not only makes the food unhealthy, but it is unhealthy for the soil as well. Corn is distributed into many different products, sprayed with chemicals, and genetically altered so that it flatters the human eye. Corn also feeds the animals, in which farms put them in a box to feed instead of grazing along pastures, healthily. Berry states that animals are fed with antibiotics so they won’t die from the change in diet, and so they can fight off bacteria in their bodies. Our environment is where the earth began, slowly but surely we are killing off plants and animals for our benefits as â€Å"heavy consumers. † We want to make a solution to stunting environmental growth because it is all a domino affect. One part affects the whole puzzle, take away corn, and we are forced to find alternative sweeteners for soda, candy, fruit, and other products. An alternative to corn syrup is sugar, though more expensive, it is worth it if it benefits our bodies and environment. In King Corn, the college students say that there is â€Å"30% more sugar used in corn form† than before. This suggests that high fructose corn syrup is more unhealthy than sugar itself. Researchers at University of Minnesota also made the point that â€Å"high fructose corn syrup causes trygliceride levels in men to increase shortly after eating, which links to an increased risk of obesity and heart disease. † Our problem is corn and the production, we find alternatives such as going back to sugar, and letting the animals, plants, soil, grow healthier so that humans will be healthier. Lets face it, we don’t know what we are eating, but do we care to ask questions? Rather, we complain about how there are no alternatives to the fast and easy drive-thru. Our change in society with our environment will be slow, one less person going to McDonald’s, is one less employee making a hamurger, which is one less manufacturer making money on his or her product. Let’s come together and find our own alternatives, rather than having society determine for us. It is easy to say that Americans are victims when it comes to eating unhealthy. We are heavily influenced by fast food and marketing industries. Together, they promote and reel consumers in by making their products cheap and convenient. So, how do we fight back? According to Wendell Berry, an author and farmer, we need to start by eating responsibly. This includes preparing your own food, knowing where your food is grown (preferably closer to home), dealing directly with the farmer or gardener, and learning, about the economy, farming, and through observations (40). Eating responsibly is a life style one chooses, it definitely won’t happen over night. Blaming fast food companies for making America fat may be the easy way out of personal responsibility but America is to blame. Daniel Weintraub’s article states that â€Å"Statewide, the Center said 26 percent of schoolchildren are overweight† (42). 5 tips prob -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 4:14 PM The lack of exercise has caused childhood obesity to rise in consideration with the intake of fast food. Since fast food companies clearly play a role in the obesity problem America has, the change should start with them by offering healthier alternatives, smaller portion sizes, and nutritional facts on the food and beverages being consumed. But the bigger pictures focuses on the farm bill. The reason fast food companies can sell their food cheap is because of the subsidy system. Pollan states that â€Å"eaters want a bill that makes the most healthful calories in the supermarket competitive with the least healthful ones. Eaters want a bill that feeds schoolchildren fresh food from local farms rather than processed surplus commodities from far away. Enlightened eaters also recognized their dependence on farmers which is why they would support a bill that guarantees the people who raise our food not subsidies but fair prices† (You Are What You Grow). The only way that our nation can change the health problem it’s suffering from now is by taking the time to understand and know what they are really eating, along with what was done to it to make it taste the way it does. Originally, Government subsidies were intended to ensure that American people had enough food. Our Government wanted to make sure that our country would never have a problem regarding the amount of food we produce. Though the intentions of our nation were only to make sure that every person can have food in their belly, the result of starting the subsidy system, in fact, made things worse. Without subsidy, corn costs much more than it does with a subsidy. Since the Government decided that subsidies would be a good idea, farmers have taken advantage of the opportunity to increase their income. Over the years, chemicals have been put into corn to change its color, its ability to grow closer together, and how fast it grows. Not only that, but chemicals must be put into the soil to make it grow in general, because farmers have abandoned their old method of rotating crops and leaving the land fallow. Making these modifications to the corn crop has done what they wanted: increased the amount of corn produced, therefore increasing the amount of money farmers recieve. Unfortunately, it has also caused major problems in the health of the food. As mentioned previously, corn is fed to livestock. Since corn has such chemicals put into it, that’s exactly what the animals consume, and it makes the meat â€Å"have nine times as much saturated fats as grass fed animals†(King Corn). This means that the meat that humans consume, in addition to the corn itself, and corn syrup that humans consume, are much less healthy than we think. Paragraph should start here. Most of above is repeating what should have come before -Meline Akashian 11/27/10 4:17 PM The Subsidy system is flawed in that it’s intentions were for the health of the country, but it’s results are that all food is less healthy than it once was. Eliminating subsidies on corn will raise the price on corn, which in turn will raise price on meat, change the diet for livestock, and force companies to use natural sugar rather than corn syrup. These changes will result in less health issues, considering that â€Å"corn syrup [alone] has a higher risk of type 2 diabetes†(King Corn). If the government really was concerned with the health of our country, officials would have considered the health of not only the people, but the land, plants, and animals we depend on for survival. Getting rid of subsidies will only help the country toward its dream of better health.

Legal Process Paper †Employment Law Essay

Legal Process Paper – Employment Law Essay Free Online Research Papers Discrimination is discussed in the workplace during orientation and in meetings. An employer has lawyers available on some jobs but federal laws dislike job discrimination. Most company valued their employees and do not want this matter to hurt the company or the employee. Filing a claim is a lengthy process so John must have patients when dealing with the legal system and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. John understands that Equal Employment Opportunity Commission will assist him a counselor through this discrimination process. John will have a civil litigation processes he will go through. John employers may even dispute this claim but he can appeal it. John should have already talked with his supervisor or manager about this situation. Then, if he is still not satisfied, then the next step is to document every conversation they had since the problem started. Information about what happen when John tried to let them know how he came to this discussion about the claim. John has to tell the owner of the company before filing a discrimination complaint against the company. If he can’t trust a coworker then he needs to contact his human resources department. John should have detail documentation about what occurs at the time he was employed. John will gather information he has against his complaint towards the employer. The more information John has to confirm his complaint, the better his case would be. John should state description of what actions has taken place during the time of each incident, and each time he had talk or contacted a manager. John has the right to file discrimination complaint against his employer, once he follows the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines. John should know his rights as an employee to be free from retaliation. John will let his employer know about the discrimination charges against the company. John will identify what discrimination complaint he has against his employer. The court clerk office will serve the company papers. This information should be kept confidential among other employees at the company. No employee should discuss the discrimination charges, especially the ones who will be witness in the claim. This could be an employee to employer dispute, so this claim is not mention at all. â€Å"Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission states this could be illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, r eligion, national origin or martial status in any aspect of employment.† The next step for John is to following the civil litigation processes steps, which shows him how to file the complaint. Filling out questionnaire question and not leaving any blank. John has 180 days after the incident to returning the papers. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission will contact John within 10 days once he had filing a claim, to let him know the decision. â€Å"The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission makes a determination as to whether there is reasonable cause or no reasonable cause for the employee to charge the employer with violating Title VII. (Bennett, Alexander Harman, 2007)† Once Equal Employment Opportunity Commission determines the outcome of the crime, then John can bring charges up on the employer. John can win the cases and be in title to back pay. John discrimination complaints and disputes in the workplace will be settled in a timely manner. Company’s policy should state that all employees and employers who have confrontations or disagreement will address these issues in a meeting. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission had rules whether companies are privately own or a corporation that your employees can file discrimination complaint against any company, and that company will be thoroughly investigated. Legal courts will be notified, when investigation is completed and John has won the disputes against his employer. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission will advise John of his rights and responsibility, he does have a choice when it comes to be satisfied during this informal complaint process. Every company and employees should have some understand about the legal system. Reference: Travis County Law Library. (2008) Steps in the Texas Civil Litigation Process. Retrieved July 2, 2009, from co.colin.tx.us/law_library/documents/tx_civil_ligation _steps.pgf D. D. Bennett-Alexander and L. P. Hartman. (2007). Employment Law for Business (5th ed.) McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA Research Papers on Legal Process Paper - Employment Law EssayMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesTrailblazing by Eric Anderson19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Essays

Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Essays Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Paper Hewlett-Packard Five Forces Analysis Essay Paper Hewlett-Packard or HP as normally known is a taking planetary supplier of merchandises. engineerings. package. solutions. and services to single consumers. small-and-medium-sized concern and big endeavors. including clients in the authorities. wellness and instruction sectors as stated in their 2011 10-K Report. HP was founded in 1939 by William R. Hewlett and David Packard ; started its incorporation in California by 1947 and alter it to Delaware in May 1998. Their concern operations are organized in seven sections. but the undermentioned four are the 1s that generate HP’s greatest net incomes and have a considerable market portion: * The Personal System Group: concern and Consumer PCs. Mobile calculating devices and workstation * Servicess: consulting. outsourcing. and engineering services in substructure. applications. and concern procedure domains * The Imaging and Printing Group: inkjet. LaserJet and Commercial printing. printing providers * Enterprise Business: concern merchandises including storage and waiters. endeavor service. package and networking. The other three are besides HP’s concern sections. but they do non hold every bit much relevancy as the three mentioned above. These include: HP package. HP fiscal services. and Corporate Investments. Porter’s Five-Forces Analysis for HP â€Å"To position alteration in the market as an chance to turn ; to utilize our net incomes and our ability to develop and bring forth advanced merchandises. services and solutions that satisfy emerging client demands. HP’s Vision Statement† HP understands that Products Life Cycles are short. and for that ground they must develop new merchandises and services. and heighten their bing 1s to stay efficaciously competitory. They besides realize that their strategic direction is a competitory advantage to future success of the company. Although on a gross footing. HP is the largest company and among the leader in the four concern sections. they acknowledge the competitory environment in each of these sections coming from major corporations that have long-established places. and besides from a big figure of new and quickly growing houses. In order to hold a better apprehension of the company we shall get down by making a thorough analysis of the industry construction that drives competition and profitableness at HP. For this. we will utilize Porter’s Five Competitive Forces Analysis model to find HP’s restraints. growing. and other profitableness drivers that would do us understand more about the engineering industry. 1. Menace of New Entrants Since the engineering industry provides higher net incomes and returns ; it will ensue in pulling many new entrants due to the being of moderate low barriers in the industry. Most companies in the industry have already achieved economic systems of graduated table as a competitory advantage. Some of the factors that new entrants might confront in the industry would be: 1. 1 High Capital Requirement. Technology companies need high capital demands to research and develop new merchandises due to rapid and uninterrupted technological alteration. but these do non forestall competition from come ining the industry. However. in order to bring forth cost efficiencies in order to bring forth net incomes. outsourced fabrication is used and in some instances. third-party OEM’s. Within the imagination and printing section of the concern. there will be much more capital demands since a batch of the parts are more specific to the industry based on their R A ; D degrees and merchandise design. 1. 2 Product Differentiation. The manner HP designed their personal systems and pressmans are geared to be consistent and alone. They have adopted Apples ergonomic keyboard design which some Personal computer makers have non yet done and supply fashionable. customizable forms and designs alone to HP. such as those seen on the dorsum of an HP laptop. This alone consistence helps to retain loyal HP clients and to maintain them on HP merchandise. whether it is a personal computing machine. a pressman. or a camera. New entrants have a changeless demand for engineering betterment to catch the customers’ attending. HP announced recently its desire to come in the package industry. The company realizes that is viing with two large participants who have most of the market portion in the United states: Prophet and Microsoft. this will do it hard for HP to entree this specific industry. These two companies have placed their merchandises and trade name consciousness in the market and they are recognized worldwide. For case the high barrier to entry the market would do HP costs higher to develop a new merchandise and riskier to come in the market in a timely mode. Although HP has customers’ trueness and trade name consciousness. a challenge for HP would be to do its trade name well-known in the really competitory and concentrated package industry. It would be hard for HP have clients dedicated to its trade name. There is presently a strong competition among the established companies that makes it more hard to new entrants to the market. 1. 3 Switch overing Costss. Within the endeavor concern section. there is a high degree of exchanging costs to the companies utilizing HP waiters and package. The decomposition and reintegration of new waiters and package will be expensive to the company utilizing it and puts a barrier on those trying to come in. Since most merchandises are standardize or compatible in the industry. if a new entrant decides to do peripherals entirely for its merchandise line. so consumers’ pockets will endure the downside of it. 1. 4 Supply-side economic systems of graduated table HP ships 48 million Personal computer units yearly and is able to be cost effectual in making custom Personal computer units to single clients every bit good as by supplying standard. low-price units in retail locations and by other distribution agencies. It would be hard for companies to be able to be as cost effectual as HP and still supply the same degree of assortment and customizability in the Personal Systems Group. Furthermore. one out of every three waiters shipped worldwide comes from HP. HP has a big economic system of scale built into endeavor concerns and they provide the substructure necessary for the concern to obtain and keep unafraid information via databases and cloud storage. In other words. they are integrated into other concerns and supply support for their systems including package and proficient support. doing it hard to acquire the endeavor concern to exchange information systems. 2. Menace of Substitute Merchandises The menace of replacement products/services is average. There is moderate low menace of replacement products/services in six out of seven concern sections. In the Personal Systems Group. the biggest menace to consumer Personal computers is the tablet and cell phones. More specifically. they are the biggest replacement for any portable electronic device. capable of making everything a notebook can make and more. The creative activity of the tablet and the usage of cell phones to look into electronic mail and entree the web are get downing to make state of affairss where notebooks are going less and less used since the information needed can be easy pulled up on a phone or tablet. HP has created tablets every bit good. but utilizing their ain package that is 5 or more old ages behind those who presently dominate the tablet market. What makes Apple and Google tablets more resourceful is that even after the fact the consumer will hold to pass clip acquiring used to a full touch screen show and other boring exchanging ordeals. is the simpleness behind the usage of applications by which the consumer can form specific tools of their day-to-day life behind a thin piece of glass and metal. Even though there are significantly low menaces in the other concern sections. the overall menace should be considered medium because the creative activity of the tablet being used on popular and specific package can drive the other sections down when concerns look to utilize package and potentially even hardware for their concern public-service corporations. 3. Dickering Power of Customers – Work In Progress Product Differentiation should be a competitory advantage for HP. since this will impact chiefly the bargaining power of purchasers. HP is one of a smattering of technological companies with an extended portfolio of concerns crossing Personal Computing to Imaging and Printing and Technology Solutions/Software which makes their client base. both current and future. really big. Unlike many of HP’s rivals. HP must apportion resources across their portfolio while viing with companies that specialize in one or more of the same merchandise lines ensuing in less investing in certain sections than rivals. The subsequent consequence of decreasing investings in certain sections is the lowering of monetary values of many merchandises and services to remain competitory particularly in the personal computer science section. Because there are so many participants in the personal computer science sphere whom are all competing for larger parts of market portion. they are willing to cut down their gross borders and cut costs which increase the competitory monetary value force per unit area. For many personal computer science companies. cutting cost is easy due to the fact that they chiefly are focused on cost effectivity. while HP focuses on invention. With a focal point on invention there comes research and development and its related costs. HP spends a proportionally greater sum on research and development ( $ 3. 2 billion in 2011 ) than some of its rivals. therefore increasing its cost construction. which consequences in unfavourable monetary value points for clients. The effect is a client base willing to buy from a rival. Because of the broad array of rivals using. more or less. the same package. it becomes a Numberss game and consumers tend to be highly monetary value medium. 4. Dickering Power of Suppliers- Work in Process HP depends on third-party providers for constituents. merchandises and services. The company’s ability to function its client at a competitory monetary value depends on its suppliers’ ability to present sufficient measures of quality constituents. merchandises and services at sensible monetary values in clip to run into agendas. The company’s broad assortment of systems. merchandises and services require it to beginning from the big figure of providers and contract makers that are dispersed across the Earth. and the long lead times that are required to fabricate. assemble and present certain constituents and merchandises. There could be other provider jobs that the company may confront including component deficits. extra supply. hazards related to the footings of contracts with providers. hazards associated with contingent workers. and hazards related to its relationships with individual beginning providers. An illustration of a provider with strong bargaining power would be Intel. HP would be in a really hard place since most PC’s proprietors prefer Intel trade name as their chief processor. This would set HP in a weak place and this is the chief ground why others in the concern have their ruin by non holding a weak power of bargaining among providers like Intel. For case. replacing a individual beginning provider may detain production of some merchandises as replacing providers ab initio may be capable to capacity restraints or other end product restrictions. For some constituents. such as customized constituents and some of the processors that HP obtains from Intel. alternate beginnings may non be or those alternate beginnings may be unable to bring forth the measures of those constituents necessary to fulfill the company’s production demands. In add-on. the company sometimes purchases constituents from individual beginning providers under short-run understandings that contain favourable pricing and other footings. but that may be one-sidedly modified or terminated by the provider with limited notice and with small or no punishment. Dependence on third-party providers exposes the company to put on the line associated with its ability to pull off providers decently. The company’s inability to pull off providers decently may impact its operating public presentation and trade name value. 5. Competitive Rivalry within an Industry The strength of competition in the engineering industry is great due to the great figure of participants in the market. HP competes on the footing of monetary value. quality. trade name. engineering. repute. distributions and scope of merchandise. HP challengers are well-known established companies that are really aggressive in all countries of their concern activities: * HP competes straight with Toshiba. Lenovo Group and Aver in the personal system group concern section. * In term of endeavor waiter and storage. IBM is the biggest rival. * Canon USA. Lexmark International. Xerox corporate. and Samsung are rivals in imaging and publishing countries. * In add-on. HP besides faced the competition from re-manufacturers such as Lexmark. HP merchandise life‘s rhythm are short. therefore it must stay competitory by developing new merchandises and services sporadically. HP‘s competitory advantages include its wide merchandise portfolio. its’ invention and research and de velopment capablenesss. its’ ability to cross-sell its’ portfolio of offerings and the handiness of broad-based distribution of merchandises from retail and commercial channels to direct gross revenues.

Land and valuation of land with various land investments Research Paper

Land and valuation of land with various land investments - Research Paper Example This essay analyzes that unlike other investments, land investment is fixed in quantity and immobile. Its value, however, keeps on appreciating, this makes land one of the major and vital investment projects of all times. The risks involved in land investment are also very minimal, this is because, when one invests in the land he is sure that its value will keep on appreciating over a given duration, thus leaving no room for selling it below the investment price. This is contrary to other investments which might depreciate in value with time.Land investment is very advantageous in the sense that, it historically keeps on appreciating in value. There are fewer risks involved in the land investment. In addition to being an investment project, the land is also a factor of production, which means that investing in land may end up giving double returns, that of its value plus the proceeds from production, say if used for Agricultural purposes. Property appreciation; talking about property appreciation, this refers to increase in the value of a property with time, a good example is that of land. Due to increase in demand each day, some properties for example land will continue appreciating in value because population keeps on increasing and its supply remains fixed. Equity refers to the residual claim on an investment. The land has the equity in that, after investment on land, when one wants to sell off his property, he will sell land at a higher price than the initial investment price. The land is, therefore, the best equity investment.  ... Mostly, they are knowledgeable in finance, money matters including banking, stocks and commodities, investments and economics. INTRODUCTION People have always been passionate about acquisition of land for ranching, farming, hunting, fishing, recreating, commercial-agricultural, and for land to develop into a higher use. Lands are very precious from time immemorial and that is why there have been laws, which govern land issues right from the start of civilization. The meaning of land is not only derived on the face value, but by what it contains and encompasses and this is why different lands attract different prices when being valued. There are also areas with vast lands, which just lie idle yet they are owned by people. In the day-to-day life, almost everyone comes into play with some of the land rules governing the ownership, use or occupation of land. To begin, every person lives somewhere on a parcel of land. And many humans owe their existence, livelihood or employment, directly or indirectly, to something that was produced from land. This clearly shows that we cannot live without land. Some people live on leasehold homes while others on freehold properties. Not many will understand the term freehold and leasehold. It is therefore very important for each person to understand and appreciate what he or she owns or occupies. Individuals who rent homes on a weekly or monthly basis need to understand to what extent they can act or do things with the rented property and what they cannot do. The same principle applies to people living with their parents or on properties owned and managed by their partners. They need this knowledge so as to understand the rights they have, if any exists, and

Lions Clubs international Public Relations Plan Assignment

Lions Clubs international Public Relations Plan - Assignment Example Additionally, this public relations plan will set about assisting the Lions Club International with achieving issues highlighted in its Strategic Plan though by strengthening its public relations communications and creating a greater awareness of the organisations achievements in the community. As Cutlip et al (200) recommend the plan has as its core aim to strategically position Lions Clubs International in high visibility outlets which will serve to increase the understanding and image of Lions Clubs International. In 1917, an insurance agent from Chicago by the name of Melvin Jones, understanding the potential of a unified purpose, conceived of the notion of joining many small independent service organisations under one umbrella to provide "Service to Humanity" (LCI 2005, screen1). From its humble beginnings the Lions Club International (LCI) has grown to become the largest service club in the world with a membership of almost 1.4 million people in 197 countries united to provide "service without personal reward" ("Lions Fact" 2005, PDF 4). LCI is devoid of political or religious affiliation; this autonomy has allowed the organization to concentrate on developing programming true to its mission and vision without a distinction being drawn in regard to "race, creed, nationality, religion or politics." Upon its initial expansion within the United States in 1919, a member from Denver Colorado suggested that the LCI not only represented "fraternity, good fellowship, strength of character and purpose", but in envisioning the use of the name LIONS as an acronym created what he saw as a more exact definition of citizenship: "Liberty, Intelligence, Our Nation's Safety" which was adopted as the club's slogan. The motto as stated above is "We serve." (LCI 2005, screen1). Since it's beginnings in 1917 LCI has spread globally. Spreading from the United States to Canada in 1920, the club then expanded to China, Mexico and Cuba in 1926/7. The spread to Central and South America began in 1936. Australia saw its first Lions Club in 1947, and the following year clubs throughout Europe were established. In 1952 the first club in Japan was chartered, and by the 1960's LCI formed clubs in Africa. After 40 years LCI was truly a global organisation with membership on every continent. LCI in Britain began in 1950. Queen Elizabeth had sent an emissary to Canada to thank the Canadian Lions for sending money to assist the children orphaned during the World War II blitz. The Windsor Ontario LCI hosted the first British Club which was chartered on March 1, 1950 in London. The charter President of this first club was Lord Leconfield. The clubs soon spread throughout Britain and the rest of the UK. Glasgow saw the